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NGOs' perceptions of Japan's role in the nuclear disarmament regime
Naumov, Danila ; Smetana, Michal (advisor) ; Martinková, Viera (referee)
This Master's thesis analyses the perceptions international disarmament NGOs have on Japan's role in the nuclear disarmament regime. The research aims to examine the positions of the leading nuclear disarmament NGOs on various points in their relationship to Japan, but also to the Treaty on Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, which serves as the framework of interaction for between NGOs and Japan. For the purpose of drafting conclusions based on comparison and analysis of it, several variables are operationalised - such as strategies NGOs employ in their advocacy efforts, their expectations of Japan's ratification of the TPNW or the factors they believe prevent Japan from ratifying the treaty - and elaborated upon through scholarly literature on the topic of international norms and NGOs in general. Interviews and official documents, such as annual reports or proclamations of the NGOs, are used as the main source of data for analysis. In the conclusion, the author outlines the findings and how they contradict original expectations or confirm them. He drafts a few possible scenarios for the further development of NGOs strategies within the TPNW, based on the study of Japan's case.
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Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones and the metaphysics of security communities: perspectives from Tlatelolco and Bangkok
Canola, Vanessa ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Solovyeva, Anzhelika (referee)
with Adler and Barnett's unorthodox approach based on s' institution and metaphysical factors, such as common identities, norms, transactions and ideas, bringing a fresh approach to the 'academic' table. Through six qualitative one America and Southeast Asia, the author aimed to answer the following research questions: "To what extent do these NWFZs constitute two distinct 'security communities', a concept forged ?", "Can these NWFZs fall under one of the following labels describing their development path: 'nascent', 'ascendant' or 'mature' security communities?", "What is the role of collective identities, shared ideas, and ternational behavior of the state parties?". As a result, after applying the 'three tier' model and analyzing the case studies' development paths, Latin America and Southeast Asia can thus be considered 'loosely tied security communities' in their 'mature'
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Nuclear Ban Treaty and Stigmatization of NATO's Extended Nuclear Deterrence: Responses from Germany and Czechia
Svobodová, Markéta ; Smetana, Michal (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
Markéta Svobodová: Nuclear Ban Treaty and Stigmatization of NATO's Extended Nuclear Deterrence: Responses from Germany and Czechia (2023) Abstract To change the way nuclear weapons are addressed in international politics, proponents of the Nuclear Ban Treaty have called out not only the nuclear-haves, but also states benefiting from extended nuclear deterrence. If the nuclear disarmament norm is central to what constitutes appropriate behavior in international politics, how do NATO member states react to this deliberate stigma imposition strategy? The presented diploma thesis aims to answer this question by examining the cases of Germany and Czechia, showing the discursive strategies they employ to manage the circulation of the potentially discrediting information in regard to their identity as responsible members of the international community. While success of stigma imposition depends on the degree of stigma power possessed by the stigmatizer in the given context, In Germany, the ties of the current political leadership to pro-disarmament non-governmental sector have contributed to a shift from an approach of stigma rejection to a degree of stigma recognition over the examined time period (2013-2023). In Czechia, the lack of such a connection has among other factors prevented the non-governmental...
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Typology of North Korea's Behavior: Analysis of the relations between the US and DPRK
Štroblová, Radka ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Sehnálková, Jana (referee)
Since the accession of Donald J. Trump to the presidency, there have been many significant events that have affected the United States' relations with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea - from testing North Korean nuclear weapons, to verbal insults to both officials, to a historical meeting of the leaders of both Korean states in the demilitarized zone, a joint performance by South Korean and North Korean athletes at the Pyongyang Winter Olympics, to the historic Singapore Summit between Donald Trump and Kim Jong-un. However, the second meeting of both representatives in Hanoi ended prematurely - without signing the planned joint statement. Relations between the United States of America and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea are constantly developing. The main theme of the talks in the past was the complete, verifiable and irreversible denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula to ensure lasting peace and stability for the region. The North Korean nuclear program and efforts to reduce it have thus become a major issue in multilateral negotiations, with the Republic of Korea, China, Russia and Japan participating in addition to the United States and North Korea. North Korea, however, often sabotaged the talks and the period of cooperation was interrupted by provocations and hostile...
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Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
Chyňavová, Kristýna ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Ondřej, Jan (referee)
The world has been concerned with the problem of nuclear disarmament since their first use in 1945, as they represent a consistent danger to all humankind. Effects of use or mere failure of technical facilities cannot be limited only to combatants. On the contrary, it is certain that in such case an overwhelming number of people would die and suffer. Apart from that, environment and infrastructure would be devastated, there would be serious climate changes and other catastrophical consequences. No country in the world is ready to face such a situation and to react adequately, especially when its economy has been severely harmed. Possible consequences of the use of nuclear weapons are addressed in the first chapter of this thesis. Second chapter explores already achieved level of legal regulation in areas of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation. In the third chapter the process of creation of Treaty on Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons from 2017, which aims at total elimination of nuclear weapons, is mapped in detail. Text of the Treaty itself including its flaws is analysed in chapter four. Following chapter five explains, why Treaty must be perceived "only" as a framework agreement, and goes through suggested provisions, which were not included in the final text. Chapter six is dealing with the matter of...
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Typology of North Korea's Behavior: Analysis of the relations between the US and DPRK
Štroblová, Radka ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Sehnálková, Jana (referee)
Since the accession of Donald J. Trump to the presidency, there have been many significant events that have affected the United States' relations with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea - from testing North Korean nuclear weapons, to verbal insults to both officials, to a historical meeting of the leaders of both Korean states in the demilitarized zone, a joint performance by South Korean and North Korean athletes at the Pyongyang Winter Olympics, to the historic Singapore Summit between Donald Trump and Kim Jong-un. However, the second meeting of both representatives in Hanoi ended prematurely - without signing the planned joint statement. Relations between the United States of America and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea are constantly developing. The main theme of the talks in the past was the complete, verifiable and irreversible denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula to ensure lasting peace and stability for the region. The North Korean nuclear program and efforts to reduce it have thus become a major issue in multilateral negotiations, with the Republic of Korea, China, Russia and Japan participating in addition to the United States and North Korea. North Korea, however, often sabotaged the talks and the period of cooperation was interrupted by provocations and hostile...
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Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons: Case Study of Norway and the Netherlands
Sudakovová, Natália ; Smetana, Michal (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
Master thesis analyzes two NATO Member States, the Netherlands and Norway, and their approach to the Treaty on Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) which was signed on 7 July 2017. Both countries decided not to support the TPNW by either voting against it or abstaining from the negotiations. Research aims to explain why some countries refuse to ban nuclear weapons and what factors influenced the positions of the States on the TPNW. For this purpose, a model-based approach with three models (security, domestic and norm model) developed by Scott Sagan is being applied in each case. These models reflect three international relations theories: neo-realism, liberal institutionalism and constructivism. The security model takes into consideration the security environment that a state is in, whether regionally or globally. It considers security threats to be the fundamental cause of nuclear proliferation. The second model focuses on the domestic actors who encourage or discourage governments from pursuing the bomb, public society and domestic institutions. The last model examines the norms which prevail in the society and form state identity of the State. Based on these three different levels of analysis, the thesis explains what factors were critical in formulating the Dutch and Norwegian positions on...
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The social construction of nuclear threat : US nuclear disarmament discourse, 1945-2014
Pyrihová, Marie ; Smetana, Michal (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
Nuclear weapons are the key element of the security policy of the United States of America since 1945. Since then, nuclear weapons and related nuclear threats were part of a social discourse of the United States. This thesis examined how these threats were socially constructed within the discourse by individual actors. Then, by discoursive analysis, the thesis investigated how the nuclear disarmament discourse responded to these identified threats. The study focused on how these identified threats and the nuclear disarmament discourse influenced each other in each period and how they impacted following periods. This diploma thesis examined the U.S. nuclear discourse while using a methodological framework of discoursive analysis. The diploma thesis operated with the theory of securitization and determined key moments, when particular threat was designated as existential to the security of the United States and when, eventually, this threat subsided.
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The Social Construction of Nuclear Threat: US Nuclear Disarmament Discourse, 1945 - 2014
Pyrihová, Marie ; Smetana, Michal (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Nuclear weapons remains in the security discourse of the United States for over 70 years. The threat of nuclear weapons changed its content several times since then. Our study examines how the nuclear threat was socially constructed and how different actors securitized the threat and to which purpose. Our Diploma thesis uses methodological framework of discourse analysis. We examine the political and social nuclear discourse in the U.S. along two levels of analysis: governmental level and nuclear disarmament level. The diploma thesis researches multiple governmental and societal sources in order to determine how different types of nuclear threat emerged within the discourse.
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Nixon-BreznevSummits in 1973 and 1974 in Czechoslovakian Press
Kvapilík, Ondřej ; Bednařík, Petr (advisor) ; Sekera, Martin (referee)
The diploma thesis named "Nixon-Brezhnev Summits in 1973 and 1974 in Czechoslovakian Press" deals with the presentation of summits between Leonid Brezhnev and Richard Nixon in contemporary Czechoslovakian dailies. It analyzes texts published by the media concerning the meetings in 1973 and 1974 in Washington and Moscow in the set period of more than one month around the meetings. Not only does the thesis research the degree of bias of the media content due to the ideological inclination towards the Soviet Union. It also analyzes the way in which the media in Czechoslovakia dealt with the presentation of both the enemy superpowers as partners. The theory part provides in introduction of the topic and basic historical context of the events. Furthermore it characterizes the respective meetings and the analyzed dailies. The practical part covers detailed qualitative content analysis of the selected representatives of the contemporary Czechoslovakian press, namely Rudé právo, Svobodné slovo, Mladá fronta and Lidová demokracie. Then the thesis compares the presentation of the respective summits and attempts to find the causes of the differences and trends in the in the presentation. As an addition the thesis also provides a comparison with similar meetings between Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev,...
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